15^th International Conference on Environmental Chemistry and Engineering August 15-16, 2019 Venue : Holiday Inn Rome Aurelia / Rome, Italy

Biography:

Xolile Ncipha has his expertise and interest in interrelationship between atmospheric constituents and weather/climate. His background ranges from hydroscopic nuclei cloud seeding rainfall enhancement and air pollution monitoring experiments. He has been exposed to meteorological and atmospheric chemistry observations from ground, airborne and satellite platforms. He is currently developing skills in terrestrial ecosystems carbon cycle observations.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The forests of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands States are large carbon sinks. Rapid population growth in these islands is responsible for deforestation, which in turn is the main source of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The SWIO region plays an important role in the carbon cycle. However, there is inadequate operational long-term monitoring of atmospheric chemical constituents in this region. This study establishes and compares the seasonal vertical and surface spatial distribution of CO₂ over the SWIO islands, and it also demonstrates the influence of meteorology and the associated air transport on CO₂ spatial and vertical distribution. The contrasting wet austral summer and dry spring seasons were selected to demonstrate this. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A 3-dimensional CO₂ atmospheric loading over the islands of SWIO during the austral summer and spring seasons were established and compared. The CO₂ data was measured by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on board the Aura Satellite. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories (HYSPLIT) atmospheric model backward trajectories were used to determine the long-range air transport impacting on SWIO islands CO₂ atmospheric loading at various levels, and to trace the origin of the air masses impacting on the atmosphere of SWIO islands. Findings: There is a general shift to higher concentrations from summer to spring season and the CO₂ concentration is highest at the southern part of Madagascar in both seasons. Long-range air transport from different source regions at the upper atmospheric levels between the 700 and 500 hPa stable layers and the layer above 500 hPa strengthen the inhomogeneity in the vertical distribution of CO₂, caused by the decoupling effect of the upper atmosphere stable layers. Recommendations are made for further studies to be undertaken to determine the evolution of atmospheric CO₂ distribution in this region.

Biography:

Liang Shi, MD & PhD is the vice president and chief physician, Shenzhen Occupational Diseases Control and Treatment Center, China. He is also the postgraduate tutor of Jilin University, China. He dedicate to study occupational and environmental medicine, epidemiology, and health service management.  He has won 1 municipal, 6 provincial and ministerial science and technology awards. He won the 2011 health management award of the Chinese medical association.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Researches on air pollutants and their negative impact on public health in China is mostly concentrated in cities with certain pollution problems such as Beijing, Jinan and Shenyang, etc., and for cities with relatively low pollution levels, less research. Despite the rapid economic development, Shenzhen's air quality is still generally good. The characteristics of large cities and low pollution make Shenzhen have unique advantages in conducting air pollution and population health research and revealing the hospitalization of people in low-concentration air pollution environment. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The data were used include daily inpatients’ data whole of respiratory diseases in 98 hospitals, daily air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO) concentrations and meteorological and wind direction data all in Shenzhen, China from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. The relationship between the concentration of atmospheric pollutants and the number of hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases was analyzed using a time series generalized additive model (GAM). Findings: In the study of Shenzhen, the generalized additive model including single pollutants showed that there were lag and cumulative effects of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on the number of hospitalizations of respiratory diseases. Among them, the moving average value of SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 with lag accumulation of 8 days (Lay07) had the largest ER value associated with the number of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, and O₃ had the largest ER value at 5 days (Lay04). The generalized additive model including multiple pollutants showed that both PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 had significant effects on the hospitalization of respiratory diseases, while the effects of SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and CO were not significant. Conclusion & Significance: PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are the primary pollutants affecting the hospitalization of public with respiratory diseases in Shenzhen, China.

Biography:

Hinson is a occupational health praticionner, senior lecturer in occupational health at the university of Abomey-Calavi in Benin. As an expert with the WHO support, he is engaged in healthwise’ trainning  in Togo, in Benin and in french speaking countries. Also he built his expertise in informal sector mainly with the pesticide exposure of the farmers. He wrote many papers in air pollution.

Abstract:

Introduction: Cement Manufacturing Creates a dusty environment that constantly exposes workers. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of respiratory disturbances among cement workers in the city of Lomé in Togo.

Method: It was a cross-sectional study that recruited 74 cement workers. They were submitted to the British medical research council (BMRC) questionnaire and then to a spirometry with the Spirobank spirometer. Particulate matter measurements were made in the factory. The data was analyzed using Epi Info 3.5.4. As regards the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis is first carried out by calculating the proportion and then by comparing the qualitative variables using the Pearson Khi-square test with a significance threshold of 0.05.

Results: The population was mostly male (97.3%) with an average age of 49.09 ±10.12 years. 56.75% of workers had more than 15 years work seniority. The average dust level was 80mg/m³ with extremes of 9.6 and 268.9 mg/m³ which was above the limit value : 5mg/m³. Cough was present in 10.84% of workers, rhinitis in 9.45% and dyspnea in 5.4%. 31.08% of workers had a spirometric abnormality with a predominance of syndrom of small airways (43.47% of abnormalities). Only seniority over 15 years was associated with the occurrence of cough: OR=5.59 IC [1.49, 21.02].

Conclusion: This study highlights the high level of dust at the cement factory and its deleterious role on the respiratory health of workers. This necessitates the strengthening of protection measures within the company.

Keywords: Respiratory disorders, cement dust, particulate matter, spirometry, Togo

Biography:

Chaofan Zheng, a second year Ph. D student at Chongqing University, has several years scientific research experience related to both the water purification and preparation of polymer-grafted biological material with the excellent adsorption performance. After several years’ exploration, she has explored a mature method for preparing polymer-grafted magnetic chitosan materials, which is a kind of promising candidates for the removal of heavy metal and dye from wastewater owing to their excellent performance in a wide pH range, easy separation and good reusability.

Abstract:

With the significant increase in production and use of heavy metal (especially hexavalent chromium), it will be inevitably released into aquatic environments, which can result in accumulating throughout the food chain and having high toxicity to the living organisms. Therefore, developing a kind of low-cost adsorbent with high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution have attracted extensive attention. In this study, novel adsorbents, poly([2-(methacryloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) modified magnetic chitosan particles (DMCPs), were synthesized under N₂ atmosphere via free radical polymerization using [2-(methacryloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) as grafting monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator,  and applied to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The effects of pH (2-11), Cr(VI) concentration (10-200 mg/L) contact time (0-420 min) on the adsorption performance were evaluated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of DMCPs was much larger than that of magnetic chitosan particles (MCPs) in the examined pH range and decreased with Cl^- concentration increasing, indicating that electrostatic interaction and ion exchange are the governing mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption by DMCPs. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data well, which further demonstrated heterogeneous monolayer adsorption was formed in the adsorption process and the rate controlling step was chemisorption, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of DMCPs is 153.85 mg/g. Besides, the regeneration and reusability of DMCPs were also explored. Results showed that more than 80% adsorption capacities of DMCPs for Cr(VI) remained after five adsorption-desorption cycles, verifying that Cr(VI)-loaded DMCPs could be easily separated and efficiently regenerated. Therefore, DMCPs are promising candidates for Cr(VI) adsorption owing to their excellent performance in a wide pH range, easy separation and good reusability.

Biography:

Wang Yongjuan has extensive experience and theoretical knowledge in the preparation of organic-inorganic polymers, especially in the removal of contaminants from magnetic materials. After many experiments, she explored a mature method for preparing magnetic organic-inorganic polymers, which can be used to treat printing dyeing wastewater and heavy metal wastewater. The polymer has the advantages of low price, simple preparation method, easy separation and recovery, and good Application prospects.

Abstract:

With the significant increase in production and use of heavy metal (especially hexavalent chromium), it will be inevitably released into aquatic environments, which can result in accumulating throughout the food chain and having high toxicity to the living organisms. Therefore, developing a kind of low-cost adsorbent with high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution have attracted extensive attention. In this study, novel adsorbents, poly([2-(methacryloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) modified magnetic chitosan particles (DMCPs), were synthesized under N₂ atmosphere via free radical polymerization using [2-(methacryloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) as grafting monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator,  and applied to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The effects of pH (2-11), Cr(VI) concentration (10-200 mg/L) contact time (0-420 min) on the adsorption performance were evaluated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of DMCPs was much larger than that of magnetic chitosan particles (MCPs) in the examined pH range and decreased with Cl^- concentration increasing, indicating that electrostatic interaction and ion exchange are the governing mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption by DMCPs. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data well, which further demonstrated heterogeneous monolayer adsorption was formed in the adsorption process and the rate controlling step was chemisorption, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of DMCPs is 153.85 mg/g. Besides, the regeneration and reusability of DMCPs were also explored. Results showed that more than 80% adsorption capacities of DMCPs for Cr(VI) remained after five adsorption-desorption cycles, verifying that Cr(VI)-loaded DMCPs could be easily separated and efficiently regenerated. Therefore, DMCPs are promising candidates for Cr(VI) adsorption owing to their excellent performance in a wide pH range, easy separation and good reusability.

Biography:

Ge Wang received her PhD in Chemistry from the Michigan Technological University in 2002. Currently she is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor in the School of Material Science and Engineering at the University of Science and Technology Beijing. In 2012, she became a special chair professor endowed by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education. Her research interests focus on creating complex materials structures with nanoscale precision using physical or chemical approaches, and studying the functionalities in energy, catalysis, biomedicine and environment applications, etc.

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely developed in thermophysical storage technologies. However, issues with leakage in the liquid phase and low thermal conductivity of pure PCMs block their real-world applications. Typically, porous support can stabilize the PCMs through surface tension action and capillary forces. However, support with high porosity usually leads to amorphous structures and low thermal conductivity, which is inadequate for meeting most power conversion targets. Therefore, designing advanced support with excellent thermal performance still remains highly desired. Recently, our group developed a one-design many-functions strategy to create metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived porous carbons and 3D porous carbon support for PCMs. For example, a highly porous carbon from MOFs have been fabricated by using a control carbonization method. The large mesopores of the support guarantees a high loading percentage of PEG molecules, and the micropores induced the surface tension and capillary force to ensure the high thermal stability of the shape stabilized PCMs. The phase change enthalpy of shape stabilized PCMs is close to pure PEG and the thermal conductivity of PEG can be further improved through porous carbon. 3D conductive network carbons have been synthesized by employing a direct-calcined CQDs-derived porous carbon from the aldol reaction. 3D porous carbon offered large loading space for PCMs, meanwhile, the graphitized sp2-hybrid carbon nanosheets provides thermally conductive network and improves thermal conductivity. These shape stabilized PCMs exhibit excellent thermal performance which show great potential in energy storage and conversion applications

Biography:

Andrey Norov was born on 26 April 1957 in Russia (USSR). Upon graduating from Mendeleev’s University of Chemical Technology in Russia, for over 25 years Mr. Norov had been working at Mineral Fertilizers Plants. Since April 2007 he has been working for JSC “NIUIF”, at the present moment his job title is Industrial Technology Director. Mr. Norov has got Ph.D. in Engineering Science. He is an Honorable Chemist of the Russian Federation, he also has got governmental and industry-related awards. Mr. Norov is an author of 73 research articles and publications and 27 patents in the field of phosphorus-containing fertilizers technology. Mr. Norov took part as a speaker in 21 international conferences and symposiums.

Abstract:

JSC "The Research Institute for Fertilizers and Insectofungicides named after Professor Y. Samoilov”(JSC“NIUIF”), the oldest (founded in September 1919) industry-oriented institute in Russia, has developed a number of innovative technologies in recent years. These technologies allow to recycle production wastes, increase the efficiency of natural resources consumption and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The technologies include, in particular:

1. An innovative, resource-saving process of joint processing of waste production of wet phosphoric acid (WPA) - phosphogypsum and fluorosilicic acid (FSA) into ammonium sulfate with simultaneous neutralization of fluoride compounds without using lime. This technology is currently being implemented at one of the large Russian plants.

2. Improved WPA technology by dihydrate-hemihydrate method in relation to various types of phosphate raw materials. This technology makes it possible to consume natural phosphate raw materials more effectively and fully, and to process production waste - phosphogypsum into gypsum binders and cement due to a lower content of impurities in it. Implementation of this technology in a number of Russian and foreign plants is under consideration now.

3. Innovative, no-analogue technology of slow-release granular PK-, PKS-, NPKS-fertilizers. This technology allows to process a number of wastes and by-products: conversion chalk, phosphogypsum, sludge from sodium tripolyphosphate production, etc. The technology was successfully implemented in 2014 at one of the Russian plants – JSC Metakhim (Volkhov, Leningrad Region).

Biography:

Dr. Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi has received his Ph.D. degree in 2010 in Analytical Chemistry at Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Dr. Rahimi is now an Associate Professor at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (from 2012), Tehran, Iran, He has published over than 90 scientific articles in various chemistry and nanoscience disciplines

Abstract:

In this work, we have successfully fabricated Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ho₂TiO₅ magnetic core-shell nanostructures with different weight percentages of holmium by sol-gel method. The achieved magnetic nanostructures characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the magnetic nanostructures was then evaluated by the degradation of methylene orange (MO). Additionally, the weight percentage of cerium oxides on magnetic photocatalyst was evaluated indicating that the photocatalyst including 10 wt% of holmium revealed the best photocatalytic activity and after a maximum of 40 min, about 99% of MO were eliminated from the water samples in the presence of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ho₂TiO₅ (10%wt Ho) nanostructure. Also, results shows the kinetics of the reaction in the presence of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ho₂TiO₅ (10%wt Ho) nanostructure to be pseudo first order. Furthermore, the photodegradation of MO was executed under visible light. The photodegradation of MO required hydrogen proxide (H₂O₂) as an external oxidant to accelerate photodegradation. In the case of applying 2.5cc of H₂O₂, 94% of the dye was degraded after 45 minutes.

Biography:

Ekeocha Christopher Ikechukwu is a young chemist with major interest in environmental pollution and pollution control.  He has published some of his research finding in some notable National and International Journals. He’s also a member of Nigerian Olympiad Team responsible for selection and preparation of Nigerian Chemistry Olympiad Team. The pollution indices models implored in their latest research work has been seen to be a useful tool for assessing the level of heavy metal in soil, sediment and water as well as in quantifying their degree of pollution (Gong et al 2008). Presently, He is also working on a more environmental friendly way of controlling pollution by heavy metal in the environment.

Abstract:

The research work is targeted at the use of some ecological risk indices models in evaluating the risk associated with heavy metal contamination of soils from selected auto mechanic villages in Abuja, Central Nigeria. The models are Contamination Factor (C_f), Ecological Risk Factor (E_r), Degree of Contamination (C_D), Pollution Index (PI), Average of Pollution Index (PI_Avg), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Nemerow Pollution Index (PI_Nemerow) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Mean concentrations (mg/kg) of heavy metals in all the sites were found to follow a decreasing order of Apo site:  Cu > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd; Kugbo site: Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe > Pb > Cd; Zuba site: Zn > Cr > Cu > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd respectively. Correlation analysis results also reveal that strong correlations exist between heavy metals which probably indicate same origin, mutual dependence and identical behaviors. Results of ecological indices models showed that for PI; 71.24% of heavy metals in Apo and Kugbo sites and 54.14% of heavy metals in Zuba sites were in the class of very strong level of pollution. PI_Avg values of 40.93, 12.39 and 7.14 were recorded in Apo, Kugbo and Zuba sites which indicate low quality of sites. PLI values were Apo (8.26), Kugbo (3.99) and Zuba (3.59) which indicate deterioration of site by heavy metals. A trend of decrease in PI_Nemerow values can be deduced as; Apo (153.4)Kugbo (22.3) Zuba (11.3) showing strong level of heavy metal pollution in all the investigated sites. RI values also recorded a decreasing trend of Apo (1590) Kugbo (570) Zuba (517.8) signifying very high to considerable ecological risk to the environment.

Biography:

R Ravichandra Babu has completed his PhD from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. He is the Director/Professor of Gitam University, India. He had several years of experience in the QA and QC departments of a chemical industry, where he has developed many analytical methods for process related impurities determination and monitoring of environmental pollution. Completed two major projects funded by Govt of India  on Nano material synthesis and their applications for removal of trace metals and degradation of organic contaminats.He has over 40 publications and has been serving as an editorial board member of reputed journals.

Abstract:

The present communication provides the eliminating of heavy metals from water resources using Ag-Mg/TiO₂ nano particles. The Nanoparticles with a size of 15nm were synthesised using sol-gel technique .The doped oxide is subsequently used for the removal of Cr (VI) and Cu (II) from waste waters. Batch sorption studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption of the above trace metal ions for a concentration range of 0.1 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The maximum sorption capacity values were found to be 2.42 mg/g for Cr (VI) and 2.03mg/g for Cu (II) at a concentration of 0.1 ppm. The mechanism of adsorption was also investigated. Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were also carried out to study the adsorption capacity . The value of the thermodynamic parameter ΔH° revealed the endothermic adsorption process and negative value of ΔG° shows the feasibility and spontaneity of material–anion interaction. In addition the method is considered to be simple and cost effective and shows excellent adsorption removal properties on heavy metals for industrial applications.